Shotgun shells are key for different types of shotguns, whether for hunting, sport shooting, or even military and law enforcement. They come in various sizes, each made for specific needs and with unique traits.
In this guide, we’ll dive into the different shotgun shell sizes and how they can be used effectively. Let’s explore together!
Common Shotgun Shell Sizes
Shotgun gauge sizes are typically determined by the weight of a solid sphere of lead that can fit into the shotgun’s bore. The gauge number corresponds to how many lead balls of the same diameter as the gun barrel would take to make one pound.
For example, 12-gauge means it takes 12 lead balls to weigh one pound. Here are some of the most common shotgun shell sizes:
12 Gauge
The 12-gauge shotgun shell is the most popular and widely used gauge type. It’s typically used for hunting small games, sport shooting, and self-defense. Its large size allows it to hold more shots compared to other gauge sizes, making it ideal for hitting targets at a distance.
20 Gauge
The 20-gauge shotgun shell is smaller in size and weight compared to the 12-gauge. It’s commonly used for hunting birds and small game as it produces less recoil than the 12-gauge. This makes it a great option for novice shooters or those sensitive to heavy recoil.
28 Gauge
The 28-gauge shotgun shell is the smallest of the common gauge sizes. It’s mostly used for hunting birds, particularly upland game birds such as quail and pheasant. Its smaller size means it can hold fewer shots, making it more suitable for close-range shots.
10 Gauge
The 10-gauge shotgun shell is the largest and heaviest of the common sizes. It’s primarily used for waterfowl hunting or in situations where maximum power and range are needed. Due to its heavy recoil, it’s not recommended for novice shooters.
Other Shotgun Shell Sizes
Aside from the common gauge sizes, there are also other less popular but still widely used shotgun shell sizes:
16 Gauge
The 16-gauge shotgun shell was once a popular choice for hunting upland game birds due to its balance between power and recoil. However, it has since been replaced by the more popular 12-gauge and 20-gauge options.
.410 Bore
Despite its name, the .410 bore is not a gauge but a measurement in inches. It’s commonly referred to as “four-ten” and is the smallest shotgun size available. It’s often used by young or beginner shooters due to its low recoil and lightweight design. If you’re looking for .410 ammo for sale, you may find it less readily available than more common gauges.
Choosing the Right Shotgun Shell Sizes
When choosing the right shotgun shell sizes, there are a few key factors to consider:
Intended Use
First and foremost, you need to determine the purpose of your shotgun. Will it be primarily used for hunting or sport shooting?
Or do you plan on using it for self-defense? Different sizes of shotgun shells are better suited for different purposes.
For instance, the best shells for hunting are typically larger gauges, such as 12 or 20 gauge. On the other hand, smaller gauges like 28 and .410 are better for sport shooting.
Gauge vs. Bore
It’s important to note that gauge and bore are not the same. Gauge refers to the number of lead balls needed to make one pound, while bore refers to the actual diameter of the shotgun barrel.
For example, a 12-gauge shotgun has a bore diameter of .729 inches, while a 20-gauge has a bore diameter of .615 inches.
Firearm Compatibility
Not all shotguns can handle every size of the shell. Before purchasing or using any shotgun shells, make sure they are compatible with your specific type of firearm. Using incorrect shell sizes can cause damage to your gun or result in unsafe shooting conditions.
Shell Length
Shotgun shells come in different lengths, typically ranging from 2.5 inches to 3.5 inches. The longer the shell, the more powder and bullets it can hold. This results in increased power and range.
However, keep in mind that not all shotguns are designed to handle longer shells, so make sure to check your shotgun’s specifications before purchasing.
Recoil
The size of a shotgun shell directly affects its recoil. Generally, larger shells produce more recoil than smaller ones. If you’re sensitive to recoil or don’t have much experience with shotguns, consider opting for a smaller gauge.
Target Distance
The size of your target and the distance at which you plan to shoot also play a role in selecting the right shotgun shell size. For long-range shots, a larger shell may be more effective due to its higher velocity and greater number of shots. For close-range shots, a smaller shell may be more suitable.
Shot Spread
The size of the shot spread refers to how widely the pellets will disperse when fired from the shotgun. Larger gauge sizes tend to have a wider shot spread, making them ideal for hitting moving targets or targets at a short distance.
Load Types
Shotgun shells also come in different load types, such as birdshot, buckshot, and slugs. These affect the number of pellets in a shell and their size. Birdshot is typically used for bird hunting, while buckshot and slugs are more suitable for larger game or self-defense.
Shot Composition
The composition of the shots in a shotgun shell can also vary. Lead, steel, and tungsten are some common materials used for shot pellets, each with unique properties that affect their use.
Cost and Availability
Finally, consider the cost and availability of different shotgun shell sizes. Generally, larger gauges are more expensive and may be harder to find compared to smaller ones. This is important to keep in mind when purchasing ammo for your shotgun.
Choose the Right Shotgun Shell Sizes with this Guide
Understanding shotgun shell sizes is essential for any shooter looking to improve their skills and accuracy. Whether you’re a seasoned hunter or just getting into sport shooting, knowing the differences between each gauge size can help you choose the right ammunition for your specific needs.
So next time you’re at the range or out on a hunt, remember to consider these factors when selecting your shotgun shells. Stay safe!
